Vitamin D deficiency in pediatric patients using antiepileptic drugs: systematic review with meta-analysis / Deficiência de vitamina D em pacientes pediátricos que fazem uso de fármacos antiepilépticos - revisão sistemática com metanálise

Abstract Objectives: To measure the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (through the 25-hydroxyvitamin D metabolite) in pediatric patients using antiepileptic drugs. Source of data: Meta-analysis of studies identified through search in the PubMed, Embase, LILACS, and Cochrane Library databases, on February 19, 2019. Summary of data: A total of 748 articles were identified, 29 of which were relevant to the objectives of this study. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency found was 0.32 (95% CI = 0.25-0.41; I 2 = 92%, p < 0.01). In the subgroup analyses, the most significant results were observed in the group of patients using cytochrome P450-inducing antiepileptic drugs, with a prevalence of 0.33 (95% CI = 0.21-0.47; I 2 = 86%, p < 0.01) and, considering the study design, in the subgroup of cohort studies, with a prevalence of 0.52 (95% CI = 0.40-0.64; I 2 = 76%, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Taking into account the deleterious effects of vitamin D deficiency on the bone health of individuals using antiepileptic drugs, it is suggested to include in their care 25-hydroxyvitamin D monitoring, cholecalciferol supplementation, and treatment of the deficiency, when present.

Resumo Objetivos: Mensurar a prevalência de deficiência de vitamina D (através do metabólito 25-hidroxivitamina D) em pacientes pediátricos em uso de fármacos antiepilépticos. Fonte dos dados: Metanálise de estudos identificados por meio de pesquisa nas bases de dados Pubmed, Embase, LILACS e Cochrane em 19 de fevereiro de 2019. Síntese dos dados: Foram identificados 748 artigos, dos quais 29 mostraram-se relevantes aos objetivos deste estudo. A prevalência de deficiência de vitamina D encontrada foi de 0,32 (IC 95% = 0,25-0,41) (I2 = 92%, p < 0,01). Nas análises por subgrupos, os resultados mais expressivos foram observados no grupo de pacientes em uso de fármacos antiepilépticos indutores do citocromo P450, que apresentou prevalência de 0,33 (IC 95% = 0,21-0,47) (I2 = 86%, p < 0,01). Considerou-se o delineamento dos estudos, no subgrupo de estudos de coorte, com prevalência de 0,52 (IC 95% = 0,40-0,64) (I2 = 76%, p < 0,01). Conclusões: Levando-se em consideração os efeitos deletérios da deficiência de vitamina D na saúde óssea dos sujeitos em uso de fármacos antiepilépticos, sugere-se incluir em seu atendimento, o monitoramento de 25-hidroxivitamina D, suplementação com colecalciferol e tratamento de deficiência quando existente.

Alterations in the hypothalamic­pituitary­thyroid axis in animals submitted to early-life trauma

Introduction: Changes in maternal care can affect offspring's thyroid hormone T3 levels. Pups from highly caring mothers have higher levels of thyroid hormone T3. In humans, physical abuse in childhood is related to lower levels of T3 in adolescence. This study aimed at verifying if early-life trauma in rodents is correlated with T3 levels in adulthood. Methods: From the second day of life, litters of Wistar rats were subjected to reduced nesting material (Early­Life Stress-ELS) or standard care (Controls). In adult life, the animals were chronically exposed to standard diet or standard diet + palatable diet and plasma T3 levels were measured before and after the exposition to diet. Results: Thyroid hormone T3 levels in adult life correlated negatively with the licking and grooming (LG) scores in the ELS group. This correlation disappeared when the animals had the opportunity to choose between two diets chronically. Conclusion: The adverse environment affected maternal behavior and caused marks on the metabolism of the intervention group (T3), which were reverted by chronic palatable food consumption (AU)